Challenges and solutions of dealing with pollution and habitat destruction of Sturgeon in the Caspian

In the 21^st century, the Caspian Sea is in a critical condition, in various fields of exploitation and protection, and it is still exposed to various political, economic, social and especially environmental challenges in 2023 made by human. Even the name of this big lake is a challenging issue, let alone its legal regime and following the resolutions of the commissions related to the protection and exploitation of the living resources of the Caspian Sea. The various regional protocols between the five littoral countries and the national regulations of each of the stakeholder countries do not have an implementation guarantee, and there is no consistent, necessary and sufficient information on pollution due to the lack of priority in environmental monitoring. Considering the focus of the research activities of the International Sturgeon Research Institute on this water area and its unique ecosystem, an attempt was made in this text to present an abstract of analytical project, concluding with the review of key published scientific reports. Paying attention to the instructions of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in the ecosystem approach to fisheries is a way out of the process of habitat destruction and Sturgeon extinction. Emphasizing the very effective role of three factors: 1- regulation of fishing activities, 2- restoration of natural spawning grounds and rearing of Sturgeon in the wild, 3- artificial reproduction and release of Sturgeon fry into the natural habitat as the main strategies and solutions for the restoration of stocks at risk of extinction, a picture of the critical situation of environmental pollution in the Caspian Sea and its known effects on Sturgeon fishes was presented along with national and regional recommendations.