Astaxanthin Application in the sturgeon farming industry

Document Type : Tarvij

Authors

1 International Sturgeon Research Institute, National Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran

2 International Sturgeon Research Institute, National Fisheries Science

Abstract

Besides of inadequate infrastructure, the primary barriers to sturgeon industry’s progress and investment included: significant high costs associated with establishing breeding ponds and equipment, infectious diseases outbreak especially in early production and fry stage, prolonged time for sexual maturity and caviar harvesting To solve these problems, it’s essential to incorporate nutritional supplements to immune system promotion during larval, fry, and juvenile in fish farming, along with their use during in pre-spawning phase to caviar harvesting to enhance of immune system, improve egg and sperm quality and sexual maturity time reduction. Astaxanthin, a small molecule, the only pigment additive approved for application in farmed fish diets, known a promoting provitamin retinoids, antibody production, immune cells, and antioxidants. Astaxanthin antioxidant properties are 100 to 500 times stronger than vitamin E and 15 times stronger than carotenoids that caused enhances fish defenses by blood, antioxidant, and immune system functions improving. These include phagocytosis, lysozyme release, and an increase in superoxide dismutase . It also improves catalase activity and immunoglobulin levels. But, the main function of astaxanthin is referred to aquatic animal reproduction; where plays a vital role in steroid sex hormones 17 beta-estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone, which are critical for steroidogenesis. In this paper, we will have a review about astaxanthin roles in immune system enhancing, sexual maturation accelerating, and egg and larval quality raising in farmed fish and sturgeon; as well as we will provide a practical guide for astaxantine supplementation in sturgeon broodstock diets .

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